Air India has cut its flights to the US. It has done this because of the 5G services launched in the US on January 19. Many American airlines were already appealing to postpone the launch of 5G, saying that it would affect the airlines.
What is the problem with 5G technology for planes?
Verizon and AT&T launched 5G in the US on January 19, but because of protests from aviation companies, Verizon and AT&T have postponed the launch of 5G services around the airport for the time being. Several companies, including Air India, Japan's Airlines, and Dubai's Emirates, are resuming their flights from Thursday due to the postponement of the launch of the high-speed 5G network around the airport. These companies had canceled many of their flights to the US on Wednesday because of the 5G launch.
Let us understand why there is talk of 5G causing damage to planes?
The Federal Aviation Administration (FFA), the agency that regulates civil aviation in the US, and at least 10 American aviation companies have feared that 5G services will affect the operation and safety of airplanes in flight.
5G services are based on radio signals. The radio frequency that is being used for 5G in America is known as C-band.
The US auctioned the frequency of 5G's mid-range bandwidth (3.7-3.9 GHz) to its mobile companies in 2021. At the same time, the aircraft's altimeter radio signals also use approximately the same range of frequencies (4.2–4.4 GHz).
Since the frequency of 5G and the frequency of the ship's altimeter are almost in the same range, there is a possibility of danger to the safety of the ship and its travel route, i.e. navigation.
The altimeter not only measures how high the plane is flying above the ground but also provides data for its safety and navigation systems.
5G transmissions can interfere with the proper functioning of instruments such as the plane's altimeter, putting the plane at risk of affecting its landing.
The altimeter is used to tell the altitude of the ship as well as in automatic landing.
The data from the altimeter is also used to warn of wind shear, that is, differences in wind speed/or direction over short distances in the atmosphere, which are considered hazardous to ships.
The impact of the altimeter would force aircraft to rely only on visual data during inclement weather, clouds, or fog, affecting landing and take-off.
With the plane's radio altimeter being affected, the plane's automation system or the pilot's inability to accurately predict when approaching the ground, especially when approaching the ground, will increase the risk of an accident.
Fears of loss of billions due to cancellation of thousands of flights
United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby said last month that the introduction of 5G services in the US would prevent the use of radio altimeters at least 40 major airports. According to Reuters, this will cancel, divert or delay an average of 1000 flights daily and thousands of passengers will be affected. In this, both cargo and passenger aircraft are being said to be affected.
According to this report, due to this, there is a possibility of a loss of about 12 thousand crore rupees every year to the American aviation industry and passengers.
How many countries of the world are using 5G without any harm?
Even though the issue of 5G damage to planes has become a big issue in America, there are many countries in the world where 5G is being used well without causing any problems to the planes.
No complaints have been received due to 5G in flight in 27 countries of Europe and the European Aviation Agency has said that this problem is only in the US.
The 27 countries of the European Union are using 5G networks with a lower frequency (3.4-3.8 GHz) than the US.
The frequency (3.6–3.8 GHz) used for aircraft altimeters in France is lower than the altimeter frequency (4.2–4.4 GHz) used by the US. Also, France uses a lower 5G power level than the US.
Some countries, such as France, have created "buffer zones" around airports where 5G signals are restricted to avoid such a problem. Also, here the antenna is tilted slightly down so that the signal of the aircraft is not disturbed.
5G services are being used in South Korea since April 2019, but due to this, there has been no problem with the radio signal of the airlines.
The Telecom industry dismissed the possibility of an impact on the plane
Verizon and AT&T, the companies that brought 5G service to the US, say that 5G services have started in at least 40 other countries. There have been no complaints of any obstruction in airlines in any of these countries.
American telecom companies have agreed to create a buffer zone for at least 50 US airports for six months, like France, to avoid any such problem.
What will be the effect on India?
In the next few months in India, 5G trials are going to start in 13 big cities including Delhi, Mumbai. Air India has reduced its flights to the US or canceled some flights from January 19 because of the impact of 5G services on aircraft in the US.
The impact of 5G services on the aviation industry in India is yet to be revealed, but after such problems in the US, it is believed that when 5G services start in India, the government will create buffer zones around the airport like France or European countries. Like countries, can approve the use of low-frequency 5G services.
The biggest impact on Boeing planes
According to reports, Boeing's planes are expected to be affected the most by 5G services.
Air India has reduced, or canceled its Boeing-777 flights to four US cities.
For this reason, the Emirates of Dubai, the largest airline using Boeing 777, has also canceled its flights to nine American cities.
All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines, two of Japan's major airlines, have also either halted their Boeing 777 flights to the US or decided to switch flights.
What is the difference between 5G and 4G services?
Every decade, the telecom or wireless industry changes its infrastructure and upgrades the network. For example, 2G dominated in the 90s, 3G in the 2000s, 4G dominated in the last decade, and 5G in this decade.
The biggest difference between 2G, 3G, 4G, or now 5G is the speed. The higher the frequency in the spectrum, the faster the service. That's why operators want to get the high frequency in the 5G auction.
5G network will have about 100 times more speed than 4G. The maximum speed in 4G can be 100 Mbps, while in 5G it can go up to 20000 Mbps.
In 5G services, three different frequencies are used for the speed of the network. Low bandwidth, mid bandwidth, and high bandwidth.
The mid or high frequency used in 5G services is being feared to pose a threat to the operation of the airplane.
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