Climate change is not only affecting the production of crops, but their quality is also having a negative effect due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, chloro-fluoro carbon, ozone, etc. . If the temperature of the earth increases by 1.5 degrees, then the yield of crops will be seriously affected.
In increasing the productivity of agriculture, fertile soil, moisture, favorable environment or temperature, adequate rainfall, protection from insects and mites, etc. play an important role. Changes in any of these parameters affect the yield of crops. The population of the country will increase in the coming days. In such a situation, the demand for various grains will also increase. Climate change will create difficulties in this path. The focus should be on making necessary reforms in agriculture policy to address its risks. Only then can we deal with crises like food insecurity.
Climate change will affect all four dimensions of food security – food availability, food access, food use, and food system sustainability. Statistics show that by the end of this century, the temperature of the earth will increase by 3.7-4.8 ° C, which will have a direct impact on food production. For example, today where wheat, barley, mustard, and potato are being cultivated. These crops will not be able to grow due to the increase in temperature there, because they require cooling. Similarly, due to the increase in temperature, crops like maize, paddy or jowar can be eroded, because due to high temperature, grain is not formed or less is formed. This would make it impossible to cultivate these crops.
The increase in temperature leads to a decrease in rainfall, which leads to the loss of moisture in the soil. Rising temperatures are also reducing the availability of natural nitrogen in the soil. To increase this, we are using chemical fertilizers excessively, which is affecting the fertility of the soil. We are among the top twenty countries in the Climate Change Risk Index.
In the last four decades, the temperature of our earth has increased by 0.5 degrees Celsius, due to which natural disasters like floods, droughts, and storms have also increased. Since most of the farmers in our country have a small acreage, their income is falling badly due to these calamities. Overall, it can be said that the crisis of rising temperature is deepening in India. Therefore, such measures are necessary by which our farmers can produce crops while facing the difficulties arising due to climate change and they can also get proper benefits.
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