There are currently 232 corona vaccines in operation worldwide. According to the WHO vaccine landscape, there are 172 vaccines in pre-clinical trials. That is, these vaccines are currently being tested in the labs themselves. At the same time, 60 vaccines are in clinical trials. Clinical trials typically take several years. But considering the corona as an emergency, so far 9 vaccines have received emergency approval in the world.
At present, 4 of China, 2 of Russia, 2 of America and one of UK Vaccine have received Emergency Approval / Approval.
The latest vaccine is Oxford / AstraZeneck's CoveShield, which the UK has given emergency approval on 30 December.
Vaccination has started in about 16 countries.
7 vaccines worldwide are still in phase-3 trials and have not received approval anywhere.
20 vaccines are in phase-2 trials and 22 vaccines are in first-stage human trials.
Pfizer's vaccine has been approved in at least 12 countries. Pfizer has also sought emergency approval in India.
The Serum Institute of India (SII) and Bharat Biotech have also sought emergency approval for their vaccines in India. The expert committee has sought further information from these companies.
Trials of 4 vaccine results, all four got approval
1. Oxford University / AstraZeneca
Oxford University and AstraZeneca jointly created the vaccine (CoveShield). It is up to 90% effective in early results. On December 7, the world's leading vaccine production company Serum Institute of India sought Emergency Approval of CoveShield in India. On this, the Subject Expert Committee of India has asked Covishield to give more data. After the approval was given in the UK on 30 December, the expectation of getting the approval in India has increased.
2. Pfizer and Bioentech
American Pharma company Pfizer and German Corona vaccine joint Corona vaccine has proved to be 95% effective in Phase-3 trial. In the UK, this vaccine has been given emergency approval on 2 December. After this, 16 countries have approved it so far. The process of vaccination of priority groups has started in many countries.
3. Moderna (America)
US-based biotech company Moderna has claimed that the vaccine it produces is 94.5% effective in protecting Corona patients. This claim is based on the results of the last stage clinical trial. This vaccine can be safe for 2 to 8 degrees Celsius for 30 days. US drug regulator has given emergency approval to this vaccine. This has made two vaccines available for vaccination in the US. Moderna is also trying to gain emergency approval for its vaccine in the UK, US, and EU as well.
4. Gamalaya Research Institute (Russia)
The Russian-made vaccine has proven to be 95% effective in fighting corona during the Sputnik V trial. This is revealed in the second preliminary analysis of the clinical trial. 28 days after the first dose, this vaccine showed 91.4% efficacy. The Russian body has an agreement with Dr. Reddy's Laboratory and Phase-2/3 Combined Trials have started in India. Vaccination has been started in Russia on a priority basis.
4 in China, 1 vaccine in Russia, emergency approval before trials
1. Sinovec (China)
Phase-1/2 trials of the inactivated vaccine of China's private company Sinowec came out in June. The company then included 743 Volunteers in the trials and none of them showed any serious symptoms. The results of the trials were announced in November itself. The final phase trials began in Brazil, Indonesia, and Turkey. So far it has not yielded results.
2. Wuhan Candidate
Chinese government company Sinopharm, along with the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, has created this vaccine. Its phase-1/2 trials yielded good results. Phase-3 trials began in Peru, Morocco, and the UAE. In September the UAE gave emergency approval to the Sinofarm vaccine.
3. Beijing Candidate
The vaccine, developed by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products, is set to be launched in the Chinese state-owned Sinopharm market. It has also received emergency approval in China as well as in the UAE.
4.Cansino Biologics
The Chinese company, Cancino Biologics, created the vaccine in collaboration with the research institute of the Chinese military. It was approved by the Chinese military on 25 June for a year. The company then conducted phase-3 trials in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Russia, but the results have not been announced yet.
5. Vector Institute of Siberia
Russia gave emergency approval to EpiVacCorona, the coronavirus vaccine of Siberia's Vector Institute, on 15 October. In the initial stage, the vaccine was administered to 100 volunteers in the placebo-controlled human trials. Scientists claim that this vaccine has antibodies in the human body for at least six months.
5 vaccines including India's indigenous vaccine in the final round
1. Covaxin of India Biotech (India)
Phase-3 trials of indigenous vaccine - covaxin, which are considered special for India, have started. These trials are taking place at around 25 sites. This vaccine has been developed by Hyderabad-based company Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the National Institute of Virology (NIV) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The vaccine has been effective in the trials to date, now the results of phase-3 trials are awaited.
2. Janssen Pharma (US)
The inactivated vaccine by Janssen Pharma, a subsidiary of the American company Johnson & Johnson, has proved effective in Phase-1/2 trials. Its final phase trials are going on at 60 thousand people.
3. Novavax (America)
The vaccine of the US-based company Novavax is also eagerly awaited in the US. The company has tied up with Vaccine Manufacturing at Serum Institute of India, Pune.
4. Medicargo (Canada)
Canadian drug developer Medicargo has also launched Phase-2/3 Combined Trials. In the initial stage, the company's vaccine and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) vaccine boosters have been successful in making antibodies that eliminate the virus. Medicargo has the support of Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Tobacco giant Philip Morris.
5. Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Group (China)
The vaccine trials developed by a unit of Chongqing Zifai Biological Products started in June. This vaccine has been created by Anhui Zhifai Longcom Biopharmaceuticals and the Chinese Academy of Science.
Trials of 16 companies in the second phase, but 3 of our work
1. Cadila Healthcare (India)
At present, the trials of 16 companies are in the second phase. But among them, 3 companies including Ahmedabad-based Cadila Healthcare are in the second phase. The trials of Phase-1 and Phase-2 of the vaccine of the remaining 13 companies are going on simultaneously. Cadila Healthcare vaccine results will be revealed soon. It is expected that this vaccine will also be available by April-2021.
2. Xiamen University (China)
The Chinese University of China has created a nasal vaccine in collaboration with Hong Kong University and a Beijing-based company. Its Phase-1 results have been successful. It is currently in Phase-2 trials. It will be like a nasal spray and instead of injecting, just spraying in the nose will be enough.
3. Curevac (Germany)
Trials of the vaccine from the German company Curevac have also gained momentum in the recent past. The vaccine has proved effective so far. Because of this, the company has established a network to deliver its vaccine to all countries of Europe.
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