India is aging fast. After 14 years i.e. in 2036, out of every 100 people, only 23 young people will be left, while 15 people will be old. This has been estimated in the Youth in India 2022 report by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. At present, out of every 100 people in the country, 27 are young and 10 are elderly.
The population of India in 2011 was 1211 million. Reached 136.3 crores in 2021. In this, 27.3% of the population is youth i.e. those in the age group of 15 to 29 years. According to this, India is one of the youngest countries in the world.
According to the Youth in India 2022 report, by 2036, the number of youth will also decrease by 25 million. At present, the population of youth in the country is 37.14 crores. It will come down to 34.55 crores in 2036. These days 10.1% are elderly in the country. Which will increase to 14.9% by 2036.
Now know the trend of different states also
Talking about the states, the peak of the youth population is seen in 2011 and after that, it starts declining. However, Kerala is an exception. The peak was seen in Kerala only in 1991. In Tamil Nadu too, the youth population declined in 2011 as compared to 2001 and has continued to decline since then.
In Bihar and UP, the youth population has increased very rapidly till 2021, but after that, it started decreasing which is continuing till now. If seen, more than half of the youth are in these 5 states of Bihar, UP, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
According to the 2021 population, the states with the least youth population are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and West Bengal.
Whereas in almost all the states the ratio of the female population is less than the ratio of male to youth, the ratio of the female population to the elderly is more than the ratio of males. The main reason for this pattern is the high average life expectancy of women in the country.
Now know the reason for the change of the young population into the elderly
Between 2011 and 2036, the country's demography will see a big change due to lower fertility rates and increasing average age. During the last decades, the government also launched several schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Sukanya Samridhi Yojana, and Mukhyamantri Ladli to prevent early marriage and childbearing. The result of this is also in front of us. The increase in the literacy rate has also resulted in a decrease in the fertility rate.
According to the Sample Registration Report i.e. SRS 2014-18, the average life expectancy at birth in India is 69.4 years. That is, most Indians live up to 69 years. While it is 68 years for village people, it is 72.6 years for urban people. The average life expectancy of women in India is 70.7 years and that of men is 68.2 years.
Now know what will be its effect on the country and the people.
The report says that the population of elderly people will be more in the future. This will create a demand for better health facilities and welfare schemes for the elderly.
Experts also say that with the increase in the elderly population, the pressure on social security will also increase. That is, the dependency per one person will be more. Therefore, the government has to accelerate job creation in the next 4 to 5 years.
India is far behind other countries of the world in terms of social security. There is a lack of institutional arrangements for the care of the elderly. Only 70% of the country's population has some form of social security.
If the elderly are not financially dependent on anyone, then it shows that their condition is good. However, only 26.3% of the elderly in the country are not financially dependent, while 20.3% are partially dependent on others. 53.4% of the elderly population of the country is completely dependent on children for economic security. In such a situation, this burden is sure to increase further.
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