'India's well-timed diversification of Army helped Democracy'


Posted on 20th Mar 2015 01:27 pm by mohit kumar

New Delhi, March 20 (IANS) India's well-timed decision post independence to control and diversify its army helped preserve its democracy, or it could have ended up like Pakistan which has seen three army coups post independence.

Yale university professor Steven I. Wilkinson, in his book "Army and Nation: How India's Founders Made its Army Safe for Democracy" - writes that while the Indian Army at the time of independence was dominated by few martial groups, diversification and modifications in its structure helped the country.

"If you inherit an imbalanced army, chances of a coup are high," Wilkinson said speaking about his book at the India International Center Thursday evening.

The author said in 1929, the army had overwhelmingly warriors from Sikh and Gorkha communities, both martial groups.

"In 1947, the army was still dominated by certain martial groups who made 95 percent of the troops. It was still an imbalanced army, as the British recruited troops from martial roots. These officers were also a closely knit community creating more trouble for politicians," he said.

He however added that India was still in a better position in what it inherited, compared to Pakistan, which had 72 percent of its army from Punjab alone, while thereere only 155 officers from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

"The most represented and the least represented (in army) - Punjab and Bengal - were together in Pakistan," he said.

India on the contrary had 32 percent Sikh soldiers, 18 percent from Uttar Pradesh, and 10 percent from erstwhile Bombay province, which he said was more diversified comparatively, while still imbalanced.

The author said, however, India dealt with the issue better than Pakistan.

"India dealt with it better. Pakistan either did not try or did it too late. They could have done a lot in the 1950s," he said.

"India's political leadership felt the army needed immediate attention. (Jawaharlal) Nehru and (Vallabhbhai) Patel were thinking about it as an issue. In Pakistan there was very little thinking about it," he said.

He highlighted that at the time of independence, both Indian and Pakistani armies had a similar background, adding that the Indian Army could have reacted in a similar way as happened in Pakistan had there been political instability here.

"They were trained in the same way, and they kept ties even after partition. Had India slipped into political chaos, they (Indian Army) could have acted similar," he said.

The author also pointed out that despite of the fact that army was dominated by people from Punjab, it was not untill 1961 that the army got its first chief from the Punjab regiment - General Pran Nath Thapar.

Pakistan, since partition, has seen three military coups and several unsuccessful attempts.

It began in 1958, when the first Pakistani president, Iskander Mirza, who had retired as a major general, dismissed parliament and prime minister Feroz Khan Noon, appointing the army chief, General Ayub Khan, as the chief martial law administrator. Thirteen days later, Mirza himself was deposed by Ayub Khan, who appointed himself the president and raised himself to field marshal.

In 1977, Pakistani Army chief General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who was later hanged.

In 1999, General Pervez Musharraf overthrew prime minister Nawaz Sharif and and evnetually became the president.

0 Like 0 Dislike
Previous news Next news
Other news

Saradha scam: Rose Valley chief sent to five days ED custody

Kolkata, March 26 (IANS) A court here on Thursday sent Rose Valley Group chairman Gautam Kundu

High alert across the country on Friday: Deployment of force increased from Saharanpur to Ranchi, special monitoring on social media

Today is Zuma. There is a high alert across the country regarding this. Rioters have been spreadi

Just 3 days before IPL 2024, the Gujarat Titans star created a stir and broke the back of opponents by taking 4 wickets

The countdown for IPL 2024 has started. The 17th season of the Indian Premier League is to start

ICSI CS 2022: Company Secretary Executive and Professional exam result date released, know when the results will be released

ICSI CS June 2022 Result: The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) will soon declare

Rohit, Umesh jump up places in latest ICC ODI rankings

Melbourne, March 31 (IANS) Indian opener Rohit Sharma and right-arm pacer Umesh Yadav made an u

PM Modi: 'There is nothing more satisfying than this', PM responded to rashmika's praise post for Atal Setu bridge

Rashmika Mandanna has become very popular in South as well as Hindi-speaking states. Fans have gi

Pakistan: Pakistan will not attend the CJI meeting of SCO countries organized by India, issued a statement

Pakistan will not participate in the meeting of the Chief Justices of the Shanghai Cooperation Or

Google's argument on IT rules: Google told Delhi High Court - new IT rules should not be applied to us, because we are search engines; no social media

Google has filed a petition in the Delhi High Court regarding the new IT rules of the Central Gov

Coronavirus effect: ECB to print 1 trillion euro this year

यूरोपीयन सेंट्रल बैंक ने यूरो-जोन की

Adani Group needs Rs 14000 crore, and asked for loan from SBI, this is the complete plan

The Gautam Adani Group needs Rs 14,000 crore to build a new plant at Mundra in Gujarat. The group

Sign up to write
Sign up now if you have flare of writing..
Login   |   Register
Follow Us
Indyaspeak @ Facebook Indyaspeak @ Twitter Indyaspeak @ Pinterest RSS



Play Free Quiz and Win Cash